Approximately 90% of the Hemagglutinin positions between 186 and 246, including antigenic areas of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD/RBS), are on record as polymorphic. Only 6 positions in that range are stable. Many positions rate multiple changes. The list presented today is certainly not comprehensive. For the sake of brevity, only one section is discussed [...]
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New influenza viruses jump from animals to humans with alarming frequency, as evidenced by the H5N1 bird flu virus or, more recently, with the swine flu virus. Although humans usually do not have any preexisting immunity to such pathogens, the human body is not completely unprotected against the invaders. It can rapidly mobilize a defense [...]
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